Decline of the Ottoman Empire introduces students to the weakening of one of history’s longest-lasting empires and explores why its decline became a major issue in European politics. Students examine the changing position of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the rise of nationalism, the role of the Young Turks, the Eastern Question, and the eventual collapse of the Empire following the First World War. Through maps, source analysis, group research and discussion, students develop a good foundation for understanding how the Ottoman Empire influenced the changing balance of power in Europe and the road to the First World War.

This ready-to-use PowerPoint saves valuable planning time while helping students build historical knowledge through a variety of engaging activities. It works well as an introductory lesson before studying the Balkans, European diplomacy and the causes of the First World War.

Learning objectives

Students will:

• Explain why the Ottoman Empire declined during the nineteenth century.
• Describe the territorial losses and breakup of the Ottoman Empire.
• Understand the role of the Young Turks and attempts at reform.
• Explain the meaning of the Eastern Question.
• Examine why the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War.
• Interpret a historical source using evidence to support conclusions.
• Develop research, collaboration and presentation skills through a group investigation.

What’s included

• Editable PowerPoint lesson
• Introduction to the Ottoman Empire
• Historical maps showing the Empire’s territorial changes
• Overview of the Empire’s decline and breakup
• Explanation of the Eastern Question
• Source analysis activity
• Documentary recommendation with suggested viewing section
• Group research and presentation activity

Curriculum alignment

This resource is particularly useful for:

• IB DP History HL – Paper 3: Europe and the First World War (1871–1923) – Inquiry Topic 1: Maintenance of peace and stability, and the changing balance of power in Europe after 1871 (Decline of the Ottoman Empire).
• A-Level History – International relations, the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the origins of the First World War.
• Senior Modern History (Australia) – Twentieth Century studies, the origins of the First World War, international relations and European diplomacy.

Whether introducing a new unit or reinforcing prior learning, Decline of the Ottoman Empire provides students with a strong foundation while giving teachers an engaging and time-saving lesson ready to use in the classroom.

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