The death of Lenin in 1924 created a power vacuum in the Soviet Union, leading to a fierce struggle for leadership among the Bolsheviks. Stalin and the Struggle for Power (1924–1929) explores how Stalin, once seen as a minor figure, used strategic alliances, party control, and political manoeuvring to eliminate his rivals and become the undisputed leader by 1929. This lesson guides students through these key events in a structured and engaging way, helping them grasp how Stalin secured power.

Students will examine key ideological divisions that shaped the power struggle. They will compare Trotsky’s “Permanent Revolution”, which called for global communism, with Stalin’s “Socialism in One Country”, which prioritised Soviet self-sufficiency. The New Economic Policy (NEP) also played a role—while Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamenev opposed it, Bukharin and Rykov supported it as a way to stabilise the economy. Stalin first backed, then abandoned the NEP, using the debate to eliminate Bukharin and his allies.

The lesson breaks down Stalin’s tactics, showing how he used his role as General Secretary to appoint loyal supporters, control party votes, and suppress opposition. It follows the systematic removal of his rivals, from Trotsky’s exile to the expulsion of Zinoviev and Kamenev and the final defeat of Bukharin.

Students will engage in classroom discussions, debating whether Stalin’s rise was due to his skill or his opponents’ weaknesses. A propaganda poster activity will help students understand how Stalin shaped his public image to reinforce his authority.

This resource saves teachers time while ensuring students develop a strong understanding of political leadership and power struggles. Stalin and the Struggle for Power (1924–1929) gives students a solid foundation in this pivotal period of Soviet history.