Australia in the early 1900s presented a stark contrast to modern life. Streets were filled with dirt and mud, often from the horse-drawn carriages that were still the main form of transport. Electric trams were introduced, but laws were put in place to protect horses from these ‘mechanical monsters.’ Families in working-class areas, such as Surry Hills, lived in cramped, unsanitary conditions, with houses made from simple materials and no modern conveniences.

This lesson plan, The Living and Working Conditions in Australia during the Early 1900s, offers students a chance to examine real historical sources. They will explore images of homes, streets, and workplaces from the era, alongside guided questions that help students think critically about who lived there and what challenges they faced. For example, they will look at slums in Surry Hills, children in the streets, and workplaces like the Sutton Forest Butchery. Students will also examine photographs of workers in difficult, often hazardous jobs, including rat catchers and street cleaners.

The lesson includes comprehension questions that tie in with a video about growing up in Australia during the 1900s. This activity encourages students to consider what life was like for children and adults alike, while guiding them to form their own interpretations based on the evidence provided.

For teachers, this lesson provides a solid foundation for exploring this period. The structured questions and activities are ready to use, saving time on preparation. By using The Living and Working Conditions in Australia during the Early 1900s, teachers can help students develop a deeper understanding of early 20th-century life through a blend of visual sources and thoughtful inquiry.

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