The 19th century saw Australia expand rapidly, with industries and settlements pushing further into the arid interior. Reliable transport was essential, but traditional pack animals like horses and bullocks struggled in the harsh desert conditions. This need led to the arrival of Afghan cameleers, skilled handlers of camels who transformed Australia’s ability to navigate its vast inland terrain. These men, often collectively referred to as “Afghans,” came from diverse regions, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, and Turkey. Their expertise made them indispensable in building infrastructure, supporting exploration, and connecting remote settlements.

This Why Afghans Came to Australia worksheet provides a structured and engaging way for students to explore the contributions of the Afghan cameleers and the challenges they faced. Designed for Stage 5 Making a Nation (NSW Curriculum), this resource aligns with key learning outcomes while also being suitable for history teachers across other Australian states. It offers a solid foundation for understanding migration, cultural exchange, and discrimination in Australian history. Through clear, guided questions and activities, students will actively analyse why camels were ideal for Australia’s environment, the cameleers’ role in historical projects such as the Overland Telegraph Line, and the cultural legacy they left behind.

Designed to save teachers valuable preparation time, this worksheet ensures students engage critically with key historical themes. Activities encourage them to think deeply about the experiences of the Afghan cameleers. A map-based task prompts them to identify and label the regions where the cameleers originated, reinforcing geographical awareness. Thought-provoking discussion questions push students to consider the social attitudes of the time, the isolation faced by these workers, and their relationships with Aboriginal communities. A creative diary-writing exercise allows students to step into the shoes of an Afghan cameleer, fostering empathy and historical perspective.

With this Why Afghans Came to Australia worksheet, teachers can confidently deliver a lesson that is both insightful and engaging, helping students appreciate the impact of migration on Australia’s development while strengthening their critical thinking and writing skills.

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